larunbata, azaroa 16, 2024

Adverbioak oso laburrak izaten direlarik ere, eta inglesean posizio ezberdinak egonik, adverbioen kontrasteak egiten dirá an amaierako posizio koherentea, non enfasiak dirén efektiboagoak

Itzul gaitezen ki Bolinger-en artikulua [2539], irakurriz ondoko pasartetxoa non autorea mintzo den burúz diferentzia pragmatikoa (diferentzia an intentzioa, ez an esanahi semantikoa) artén bi esaldi noiz kokatu dén adverbioa aurrén edo atzén bere aditza:

  • Why did you abruptly back away?  

versus

  • Why did you back away abruptly?

Hauxe dio Bolinger-ek:

It is obvious that there is a clear-cut difference between Why did you abruptly back away? and Why did you back away abruptly?, though not one so radical as to put them in different semantic ranges. The first asks essentially "Why did you back away at all?" while the second asks "Why, having decided to back away, did you do it abruptly?" The first can be contrastive, but only as a whole; we might say Why did you abruptly back away? Why didn't you courteously accept as 1 wanted you to? The second is contrastive on either part, depending on the stress: Why did you back away abruptly when I told you to dart forward abruptly? and Why did you back away abruptly when I said to do it gradually? When abruptly precedes the verb, it is difficult for contrastive stress to set if off against back away. We should seldom if ever say Why did you abruptly back away when I told you to slowly back away? [Bolinger, 1952:1120]

Esan nahi baita ze, nahiz adverbioak oso laburrak izaten diren, eta inglesean bi aukera horiek daudelarik, adverbioen kontrasteak egiten dirá an amaierako posizio koherentea (non enfasiak dirén efektiboagoak), eta aurreko posizioa gelditzen da zat intentzio gutxio kontrastiboak, non adverbioa bera ez den kontrastiboa, esan nahi baita gabén azentu kontrastiborik an adverbioa

Kontrara, aditz-aurreko adverbioa bereizituko da an helburu orokorragoak, sintetikoagoak (non konplexua interpretatzen dén as a whole):

  • The first can be contrastive, but only as a whole;...

Nolabait esán, aditz aurreko adverbioak sortzen dú aditz berri bat (adverbioa + aditza = aditz berria), zein interpretatuko den osoki, an modu osoki neutroa edo osoki kontrastiboa. Aldiz, aditz ostean aukera kontrastiboa zabalagoa da (on either part):

  • The second is contrastive on either part, depending on the stress:...

Interpretazioa baita izan liteké guztiz neutroa ere, erábiliz azentu neutroa, edo baita osoki kontrastiboa, erábiliz oso prosodia jarraitua, nolabait prosodikoki bátuz aditza eta adverbioa an konplexu bakar bat (zeozer antzekoa nola aditz berri bat, hor ere).

Hortaz, galdetzen dugú: Soilik posizio bat aukeratu beharko bagenu, zéin aukeratuko genuke? [2544]