Esaldi (sintaktikoki eta prosodikoki) neutro baten azentu neutroak adierazten dú "the main stress"

Azken sarreretan behin baino gehiagotan aipatu dugú azentu neutroa, eta gaurkoan gogoratu nahi genuke ze esaldi neutro baten azentu neutroak adierazten dú esaldiko indar prosodiko printzipala (the main stress of a sentence), nola dioskun Arantzazu Elordieta-k an bere 2001eko "Verb movement and constituent permutation in Basque", 2001:130-131) noiz laburbiltzen duén Cinque-ren azentu-araua (ikus an "Cinque (1993): "The main stress of a sentence falls on the most embedded element on the recursive side of the tree" [informalki reformulatua ga Arantzazu Elordieta (2001)] "): 

..., Cinque proposes a universal sentence stress rule which will apply in every language provided that we know what the direction of recursion is in a language, and by using the concept of "most embeddedness". Cinque's algorithm may be informally formulated as follows:

The main stress of a sentence falls on the most embedded element on the recursive side of the tree.

... This, in a head-initial language (VO), the complement will count as most embedded in a SVO order, since the complement is selected by the verb. Likewise, in a V-final language, the most embedded element in SOV order will also be the complement, as the language is left-branching. As a result, in both types of languages the complement receives the main sentence stress, as is conformed by the following data from Spanish (VO) and Basque (OV) (the words in bold face indicate the constituent bearing neutral stress):

(29a) Hoy los niños han cantado dos canciones nuevas.

(29b) Gaur umeek abesti berri bi abestu dituzte.

The main sentence stress borne on the direct object in both sentences in (29) is tipically found in sentences occurring in the neutral order. As is well known, neutral order is pronounced with a neutral focus intonation (which we may now identify as main stress),...

(29b) represents the unmarked or neutral word order for the constituents of a simple transitive clause in Basque, SOV.

[Oinoharra ganik Arantzazu Elordieta: Keep in mind that I use the term "unmarked" in the sense of neutral order in relation to the information structure of the sentence; in other words, when no constituent is understood to be more prominent or informative than the other constituents in the sentence.]

(29b) has an interpretation according to which the entire sentence can be viewed as the focus phrase. But, in addition (29b) can also have two further interpretations, according to which only the VP abesti berri bi abestu 'sing two songs' represents the new information of the sentence, and a third reading, in which only the object phrase abesti berri bi 'two new songs' is interpreted as the information focus of the sentence. The three readings are given below (the intended focused constituent in each reading is marked in italics):

(30) Gaur umeek abesti berri bi abestu dituzte.

I. "Today the children sang two new songs" 

II. "Today the children sang two new songs" 

III. "Today the children sang two new songs"  

In fact, the paradigm illustrated in (30) is the typical pattern observed in 'wide focus' utterances in many languages, as discussed in Cinque (1993) and Zubizarreta (1998), namely, that under the same neutral focus intonation, all of the constituents in a sentence can be interpreted as focus. [Arantzazu Elordieta, 2001:130-131]

eta nondik gaur azpimarratuko genuken nóla Elordieta-k (2001) dioén:

As is well known, neutral order is pronounced with a neutral focus intonation (which we may now identify as main stress),...  [Arantzazu Elordieta, 2001:131]

alegia, foku neutro horretan kokatzen dá esaldiko indar prosodiko nagusia. [2412] [>>>]