Nola egiten da hori?
Txopik dio (an bitakora on Erramun Gerrikagoitia) ezen:
Esaldiaren gakoa edo koxka atzekaldean jartzeak, hizkuntza izugarri moteltzen duela ez da zalantzarik, horretan ados nago. Hala ere, ez nago ados esaten denean Euskerak Gaztelaniaren eredua jarraitu behar duela. Ez, Euskarak eredurik eraginkorrena hartu behar du, inongo konplexurik gabe eta Gaztelerarekin edo Txinerarekin koinziditzen badu, ez du inongo garrantzirik.Horixe baietz! Baina galdera da: nola egiten da hori? [49] [⇶]
Etiketak: garabideak, gradualki
posted by Jesus Rubio at astelehena, iraila 26, 2005
2 Comments:
Theorikoki behintzat hortan -buruz lingustikea- sarturik dagozenek behar lukete esan zeozer, esaterako hak Ricardo Gomez edo berak aipatzen duen 10 blog interesanteenak buruz euskal philologia, hala nola, emanik blogok ordena alfabetikoan:
1)Armiarma
2)Bidegileak
3)A Brief Grammar of Euskara
4)Eusko Bibliografia
5)Fonatari
6)Hiztegia.net
7)Inguma
8)Liburutegi Digitala
9)Sancho el Sabio Fundazioa
10)Soziolinguistika Klusterra
On litzateke ere, ERE diot, jakitea zer uste daroen spezialistek.
Nik ere prestatu behar dut zerrenda bat hon webgune eta erreferentzia interesgarriak, eta bertan, lehenengo lekuan agertuko da hau:
Bichakjian, Bernard H. (1999) Language Evolution and the Complexity Criterion, Psycoloquy: 10,#33 Language Complexity
Bestalde, errepasatu ditut Ricardo Gómez-en 10 webgune interesgarrienak, eta ikusi dut ezen gehienak dira bildumak non biltzen dira testu, hiztegi eta erreferentzia ondo ezagunak. Bada, halaber, gramatika labur bat (idatzia par hizkuntzalari-sintaxilari Itziar Laka) non irakur dezakegu hau:
1. Order of phrases in the sentence.
1.0. Neutral word order.
The neutral order of elements in the sentence is the one illustrated in the examples above (1a,b,c), and schematized in (2):
(2) [Ergative] [Dative] [Absolutive] [verb + inflection]
That is, given the language typology proposed by Greenberg, it is standardly assumed that Euskara is a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) type language (de Rijk (1969)). Regarding phrases that do not agree with the verbal inflection, such as adverbs and postpositional phrases, it is not so clear what the neutral word order is.
...
1. Noun phrases: the basics.
A Noun phrase is a phrase constructed around a Noun. In this sense, we will say that the Noun 'heads' its phrase. Noun phrases in Euskara have a very fixed word order, in contrast to the sentences, where phrases can be arranged in many different ways. Let us consider a few examples:
(1)
a. gure haur txiki-a
we-gen baby small-the
'our small baby'
b. neska gazte hau
girl young this
'this young girl'
c. Bilboko zazpi gizon
Bilbo-from seven man
'seven men from Bilbo'
d. azkarra den emakume-a
smart-the is-that woman-the
'the woman that is smart'
As we can see in (1a) and (1b), adjectives follow the Noun, and articles and demonstratives follow the [Noun + Adj] group (1a,b). Other modifiers, such as possesive phrases, postpositional phrases, relative clauses and most quantifiers, always precede the noun. Thus, for instance, in (1a), the possesive phrase gure 'our' appears before the Noun; in (1c), the postpositional phrase Bilboko 'from Bilbo', and the quantifier zazpi, 'seven', both precede the Noun gizon 'man'. Similarly, in (1d), the relative clause azkarra den 'who is smart' precedes its head Noun, emakume 'woman'.
We can now consider a longer example, where more elements are combined: final position, while complements and other modifiers precede them. In other words, Euskara is a 'head-final' language.
...
3. Postpositions.
Euskara has a strong tendency to place the heads of phrases at the end of the phrase; this property has already been considered in the first and second chapters of this grammar, when talking about the sentence and the Noun phrase. It is not surprising, therefore, that instead of having pre-positions at the beggining of prepositional phrases, it chooses to have post-positions, that appear at the end of postpositional phrases. Prepositions and postpositions are in this sense one and the same grammatical category, and Euskara being a head-final language, places them at the end of the postpositional phrase. Note, by the way, that case morphemes are no exception to this generalization, and they have been argued by some linguists to head case phrases as well.
Bistan da zein naif den gure hizkuntzalarien ikuspegia: preposizioak eta posposizioak dira gramatikalki gauza bera.
Baina, funtzionalki?
Munduan daude hizkuntza asko, tartean gaztelania edo txinera, baina soilik bi estruktura-modu (eta tarteko kasuak): burulehenak (head-first) eta buruazkenak (head-last), eta gertatzen da ezen estruktura burulehenak dira koherenteagoak, ahaltsuagoak, malguagoak, irekiagoak, ...
Hortaz garabide bakarra da ematea aukera afin erabili ahal izan dezagun hori zein da head-least an modu head-first; hau da ematea aukera hon transformatzea estruktura pospositiboak (head-last) an estruktura prepositiboak (head-first), ..., eta hori ez da (eta bai da) gaztelaniaren eredua, baizik garabide bakarra, bitartean-eta ez den aurkezten beste bat hobeagorik.
Argitaratu iruzkina
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