Burmako hizkuntza azpigaratua: Losing Gems as You Translate

Burmako hizkuntza dá horietakoa non aditza derrigor joan behar an bukaera ón esaldia (da hizkuntza aditz-azken horietakoa, nola japoniera), eta mekanismo linguistiko azpigaratu horrek, berdin nola antzerako bestek ere, sortzen dituzte mila arazo a itzultzaileak on hizkuntza horiek noiz itzuli behar testuak on hizkuntza askoz garatuagoak. Ezin bestela izan.

Ikus beheko itzulpen-adibideak, zein dauden atereak ti lana on itzultzaile burmarrá Maung Tha Noe titulatzen: Losing Gems as You Translate: Some Experiences of a Burmese Translator. Hor antzeman daitezke ze-nolako lanak egin behar dituzten burmeraren itzultzaileek afin burutu euren itzulpenak, zein, hala ere, ez diren ailegatuko a maila (landuagoa, matizatuagoa) on originalak.

There are no relative pronouns in Burmese. Pali texts with relative clauses are usually broken up into simple sentences.

• He who sees my teaching sees me. (original Pali)
• Someone sees my teaching. That one sees me. (Burmese translation)

The nearest Burmese word to the relative pronoun is the participle and the modern Burmese translator often takes advantage of this to translate the English relative clauses:

• People who live in glass houses should not throw stones. (English)
• People living in glass houses should not throw stones. (Burmese translation)

The trick works for short sentences but as the sentences get longer, the translator has only to break up the sentences. And Burmese normally uses clauses where English uses nouns. The latest Time on my table [August 23, 2004] has the sentence

• Conservationists are taking new steps to save the world’s shrinking population of big cats. [p. 3]

The Burmese translation will be something like this:

• Tigers and lions in the world are becoming fewer and fewer. People working to protect the environment are trying to save these tigers and lions.

The order of words in Burmese is Subject x Complete/Object x Verb, and this poses a problem too. Later on in the same article the Time author says

• It was India that pioneered the use of sanctuaries to save big cats.

We can only say in Burmese as

• The country pioneering to build safe places for tigers was India.

Finally, there are two trends of translation in Burma: one school that began with religious translations from Pali tends to explain, so makes additions to the text, and the other just tries to retell the substance of the original. In the hands of the former school Robert Frost’s

• Whose woods these are I think I know
  His house is in the village though

becomes

• What beautiful woods these are! Who is the fortunate owner of these lovely trees? I think and I know now. That’s the man living in the village. He has a nice house.

The latter school will just render the two lines into

• The owner of the woods lives in the village.

Euskara dá malguagoa ezi burmera, baina, hala ere, goiko arazo eta soluzio horiek ezagunak zaizkigu, ezta?

Ebidentziaren argitara, ezinezkoa da ukatzea ezen burmera eta antzeko hizkuntzak daudé azpigaratuago ezi, adibidez, ingelesa; eta hori ukatzen duten hizkuntzalariak dirá oztopo handia per garapen komunikatiboa on personak zein bizi dira an hizkuntza horiek.

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