Haspelmath, Dryer, Gil eta Comrie (editoreak e WALS)

Atzo aipatzen genuén Haspelmath hizkuntzalaria, nok bukatzen zuen esanez honako hitz ondo azpimarragarriak:

..., so ignoring functional explanations is irresponsible.

Hemen soilik gogóratu ze Haspelmath dá editoreetako bát on WALS ("The World Atlas of Language Structures"), kin Dryer, Gil eta Comrie (2005):

eta halaber dá editorea on "WALS Online", kin Dryer:

Beraz, 2005eko liburuan, editoreak zirén Haspelmath, Dryer, Gil eta Comrie, bitartean ze, orain, "WALS Online" publikazioan, editoreak dirá Dryer eta Haspelmath. WALS dá gaur egungo referentzia nagusia noiz behar den informazioa burúz estruktura sintaktikoa on munduko hizkuntzak. [1169] [>>>]

XK5: Teoria gardena eta ebidentzia enpiriko sendoa bat-eginik

Erantzunez ki Xabier Kintana (ikus XK1, XK2, XK3 hau, XK4, eta hau). 

1998an David Gil hizkuntzalariak (erantzunez ki bere kolega Bingfu Lu) zúen planteatzen honako galdera hau (ikus XK4):

First a question: Is it actually the case that there's more OV>VO than VO>OV among ATTESTED changes, or only amongst RECONSTRUCTED changes.

Eta Gil-ek berak zioskun zér deduzitu beharko genuken baldin erantzuna balitz baiezko biribila (ikus Gil-en mezu osoa hemen):

... , if the former, then I see no way to avoid the conclusion that what we have here is a fascinating window into linguistic evolution, with OV languages being evolutionarily prior to VO languages with respect to word order typology.

(An inevitable disclaimer. To say that, say, OV Japanese is evolutionarily prior to, say, VO English with respect to word order typology is not to rule out the possibility that, say, OV Japanese might be more advanced evolutionarily than VO English with respect to other linguistic properties not correlated with word order. And needless to say, such claims say nothing about extra-linguistic matters.)

Gil-ek, esan bezala, zúen planteatzen hori-galdera an 1998. Eta 2005ean Tom Givón hizkuntzalariak (zein baita figura zentral bat an hizkuntzalaritza funtzionala) zioén (ikus Givón-en mezu osoa hemen):

1. Synchronic morphology is most often the best guide for reconstructing older syntax. There is not a single shred of evidence in Japanese morphology indicating anything but SOV syntax (see Givon 1971, 1979, 1983 ed., 2001, inter alia).

2. In general, SOV is the oldest attested word-order in human language. Most natural (non-contact induced) drift is, as far as I know, always away from SOV, not toward it (Givon 1979; Ruhlen & Gell-Man, forthcoming).

Honek du erakusten haruntzago ti edozein duda razonable ezen, afera honetan, bat datoz teoria gardena eta ebidentzia enpiriko sendoa. Hau da, ... I see no way to avoid the conclusion that... [107] [>>>]

XK4: David Gil: ... then I see no way to avoid the conclusion that ...

Erantzunez a Xabier Kintana (ikus XK1, XK2, XK3 eta hau ere).

Zinez, Bingfu-ren azalpena hain da ona, hain logikoa, hain naturala, non oso zaila da haren kontra egitea.

Eta evidentzia enpirikoa? Zer esan dezakegu burúz evidentzia enpirikoa? Bát al dator? Demagun hala dela, eta datu enpirikoek erakusten digutela ze hizkuntzek jotzen dute a kokatzea objetua atze aditza noiz eskakizun linguistikoak handitzen diren. Hala balitz, horrek zer esan nahiko luke? Akaso honako hau?

First a question: Is it actually the case that there's more OV>VO than VO>OV amongst ATTESTED changes, or only amongst RECONSTRUCTED changes.

If the latter, then the reason for, say, Proto-Indo-European being OV in the eyes of some historical linguists *may* (I'm only throwing this out to be provocative) be the same as the reason for, say English being OV, underlyingly, in the eyes of this or that flavour-of-the-week generative framework -- namely the product of a desire to get everything nicely lined up and serialized and pretty and elegant.

However, if the former, then I see no way to avoid the conclusion that what we have here is a fascinating window into linguistic evolution, with OV languages being evolutionarily prior to VO languages with respect to word order typology.

(An inevitable disclaimer. To say that, say, OV Japanese is evolutionarily prior to, say, VO English with respect to word order typology is not to rule out the possibility that, say, OV Japanese might be more advanced evolutionarily than VO English with respect to other linguistic properties not correlated with word order. And needless to say, such claims say nothing about extra-linguistic matters.)

David Gil [1998ko maiatzak 27]

Bai, teoria eta evidentzia sendoek bát eginen balute... [105] [⇶]